15 Best Documentaries About Free Evolution

What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that the natural processes that organisms go through can lead to their development over time. This includes the evolution of new species and 에볼루션 게이밍 change in appearance of existing ones.

This is evident in many examples such as the stickleback fish species that can be found in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect species that have a preference for particular host plants. These reversible traits however, are not able to be the reason for fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all the living organisms that inhabit our planet for ages. The most widely accepted explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection process, which occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more successfully than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a population of well adapted individuals grows and eventually becomes a new species.

Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of 3 factors: variation, reproduction and inheritance. Sexual reproduction and mutations increase the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance refers the transmission of a person’s genetic traits, which include recessive and dominant genes, to their offspring. Reproduction is the process of generating viable, fertile offspring. This can be done by both asexual or sexual methods.

All of these variables must be in harmony for natural selection to occur. If, for instance, a dominant gene allele allows an organism to reproduce and live longer than the recessive gene The dominant allele becomes more common in a population. But if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or decreases fertility, it will disappear from the population. This process is self-reinforcing meaning that an organism with a beneficial characteristic will survive and reproduce more than an individual with an inadaptive trait. The more offspring an organism produces the more fit it is that is determined by its capacity to reproduce itself and live. People with desirable traits, like longer necks in giraffes, or bright white colors in male peacocks, are more likely to survive and have offspring, and thus will become the majority of the population over time.

Natural selection is only a force for populations, not on individual organisms. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which states that animals acquire characteristics by use or inactivity. If a giraffe stretches its neck to catch prey and the neck grows longer, then its offspring will inherit this characteristic. The differences in neck length between generations will continue until the neck of the giraffe becomes so long that it can not breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when alleles of a gene are randomly distributed in a group. In the end, only one will be fixed (become widespread enough to not longer be eliminated through natural selection), and the rest of the alleles will drop in frequency. This can result in a dominant allele at the extreme. The other alleles are eliminated, 에볼루션 바카라 and heterozygosity decreases to zero. In a small number of people, this could lead to the total elimination of the recessive allele. This scenario is known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of evolutionary process that takes place when a lot of individuals migrate to form a new population.

A phenotypic bottleneck may occur when survivors of a catastrophe, such as an epidemic or a mass hunting event, are concentrated within a narrow area. The survivors will have an allele that is dominant and will share the same phenotype. This situation could be caused by earthquakes, 무료에볼루션 war or even plagues. Whatever the reason, the genetically distinct population that is left might be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh and 에볼루션 룰렛 코리아 (Https://yogicentral.science) Ariew define drift as a deviation from expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide the famous case of twins who are genetically identical and have exactly the same phenotype. However one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives to reproduce.

This kind of drift could play a very important role in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only way to develop. Natural selection is the primary alternative, in which mutations and migration keep the phenotypic diversity in a population.

Stephens claims that there is a vast difference between treating drift like an agent or cause and treating other causes like migration and selection as forces and causes. Stephens claims that a causal process account of drift allows us to distinguish it from other forces, and this distinction is essential. He argues further that drift is both a direction, i.e., it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a size, that is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution through Lamarckism

When students in high school study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, also called "Lamarckism is based on the idea that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms through adopting traits that result from the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with an image of a giraffe that extends its neck longer to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This could cause giraffes' longer necks to be passed onto their offspring who would then become taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his lecture to begin his course on invertebrate Zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th May 1802, he introduced an original idea that fundamentally challenged previous thinking about organic transformation. In his view living things had evolved from inanimate matter through the gradual progression of events. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this could be the case but he is widely seen as being the one who gave the subject his first comprehensive and thorough treatment.

The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection and Lamarckism fought in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed, leading to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. This theory denies that traits acquired through evolution can be inherited and instead argues that organisms evolve by the symbiosis of environmental factors, including natural selection.

Although Lamarck endorsed the idea of inheritance by acquired characters, and his contemporaries also spoke of this idea, it was never a major feature in any of their evolutionary theorizing. This is due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

It's been more than 200 years since the birth of Lamarck and in the field of genomics, there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is often referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. It is a version of evolution that is just as valid as the more well-known neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution by adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is a result of a kind of struggle for survival. This view is a misrepresentation of natural selection and ignores the other forces that are driving evolution. The struggle for existence is better described as a struggle to survive in a certain environment. This can include not only other organisms, but also the physical environment.

Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to comprehend evolution. It refers to a specific characteristic that allows an organism to live and reproduce within its environment. It could be a physiological feature, such as fur or feathers or a behavior like moving into the shade in hot weather or coming out at night to avoid cold.

The survival of an organism depends on its ability to extract energy from the environment and to interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism must have the right genes to create offspring and be able find sufficient food and resources. The organism should also be able reproduce at the rate that is suitable for its particular niche.

These elements, along with mutations and gene flow, can lead to an alteration in the ratio of different alleles within the population's gene pool. The change in frequency of alleles can lead to the emergence of novel traits and eventually, new species over time.

Many of the characteristics we appreciate in animals and plants are adaptations. For instance, lungs or gills that extract oxygen from the air feathers and fur as insulation, long legs to run away from predators and camouflage to conceal. However, a proper understanding of adaptation requires paying attention to the distinction between the physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physical characteristics like large gills and thick fur are physical traits. Behavior adaptations aren't, such as the tendency of animals to seek out companionship or to retreat into the shade in hot weather. In addition, it is important to note that a lack of forethought is not a reason to make something an adaptation. Inability to think about the implications of a choice, even if it appears to be logical, can cause it to be unadaptive.