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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It addresses questions such as: What do people really mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and sensible action. It differs from idealism which is the idea that one should adhere to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is often viewed as a component of language, although it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also influences research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which is focused on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. The lexical and concept strategies for pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad variety of topics, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It is also applied to various social and cultural phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed a variety of methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top producers in research on pragmatics. However, their position is dependent on the database. This is because pragmatics is an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top pragmatics authors based on the number of publications they have. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language as opposed to the study of truth, reference, or grammar. It examines how a single phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that hearers use to determine if utterances are intended to be communicated. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and established one however, there is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others insist that this particular issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered to be a linguistics branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language since it deals with the ways in which our ideas about the meanings and functions of language affect our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of the debate. Some scholars have suggested for  [https://malmberg-bock-2.thoughtlanes.net/it-is-the-history-of-pragmatic-demo-in-10-milestones/ 라이브 카지노] instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline by itself because it studies how people interpret and  [https://yogicentral.science/wiki/Your_Family_Will_Thank_You_For_Getting_This_Pragmatic_Free_Slots 프라그마틱 정품 사이트] 플레이, [https://theflatearth.win/wiki/Post:The_Story_Behind_Pragmatic_Can_Haunt_You_Forever you could try this out], use the language without necessarily referring to the actual facts about what was said. This sort of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this research should be considered an independent discipline because it examines the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways in which we understand the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more detail. Both papers discuss the notions saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are important pragmatic processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interaction, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines,  [https://salehdean70.livejournal.com/profile/ 프라그마틱 홈페이지] including cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct topics. He argues semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said while far-side focuses on the logic implications of a statement. They believe that semantics determines the logical implications of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can mean different things in different contexts, depending on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an expression include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is appropriate to say in different situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. There are a variety of areas of research, including formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics in linguistics, and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by language in context. It examines the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs affect the interpretation, focusing less on grammatical features of the utterance instead of what is being said. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other areas of linguistics such as semantics, syntax, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has developed in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research that addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined and that they are the same thing.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go back and forth between these two views and argue that certain events fall under either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars believe that if a statement is interpreted with a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the possibility that a statement may be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different stance and argue that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one of many ways in which the word can be interpreted, and that all of these ways are valid. This is commonly called far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has sought to integrate the concepts of semantics and far-side in an effort to comprehend the full range of possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by describing how a speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is an inverse Gricean model of Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.
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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the relationship between context and language. It asks questions like What do people really mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their principles regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak get meaning from and with each with each other. It is often viewed as a part or  [https://www.google.mn/url?q=https://articlescad.com/why-pragmatic-is-fast-becoming-the-hot-trend-for-2024-56348.html 프라그마틱 정품 확인법] language, but it is different from semantics since it focuses on what the user is trying to convey and not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded rapidly in the last few decades. It is primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, [https://telegra.ph/A-Step-By-Step-Guide-For-Choosing-The-Right-Pragmatic-09-12 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프] that focuses on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. The lexical and concept strategies for pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These views have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range of subjects, [https://maps.google.com.pr/url?q=https://blogfreely.net/mittenwrench2/the-hidden-secrets-of-pragmatic-recommendations 프라그마틱] including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics is different by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in pragmatics research. However, their rank is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely according to the quantity of their publications. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the users and contexts of language use rather than focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It studies the ways in which one utterance can be understood as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine if utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one however, there is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. For instance philosophers have suggested that the notion of a sentence's meaning is a part of semantics, while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and  [https://images.google.bi/url?q=https://mullen-allred-2.technetbloggers.de/7-things-youve-always-dont-know-about-pragmatic-slot-manipulation 프라그마틱 슬롯] 이미지 ([https://mybookmark.stream/story.php?title=what-is-it-that-makes-pragmatic-so-popular Https://mybookmark.stream/story.php?title=what-is-it-that-makes-pragmatic-so-popular]) should be treated as part of linguistics along with the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy since it examines how our ideas about the meaning and use of languages influence our theories about how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a handful of questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it studies how people interpret and use the language without necessarily referring back to facts about what actually was said. This kind of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field should be considered an academic discipline because it examines how social and cultural factors influence the meaning and use of language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we perceive the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being spoken by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in greater in depth. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they help to shape the meaning of an expression.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of language. It studies the way that humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Others,  [http://www.viewtool.com/bbs/home.php?mod=space&uid=6465948 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] such as Relevance Theory, focus on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some practical approaches have been put with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also divergent views on the borderline of semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, such as Morris believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He argues semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they could or might not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield of semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said, whereas far-side is focused on the logical implications of a statement. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already influenced by semantics, while the rest is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same word could have different meanings in different contexts, based on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, as well expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is because different cultures have different rules for what is appropriate to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of research include computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How is free Pragmatics similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, with less attention paid to grammaral characteristics of the expression rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, such as semantics, syntax and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in several different directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. There is a broad range of research that is conducted in these areas, which address issues such as the role of lexical elements as well as the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic analysis of the interface between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined, and that they are the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these two positions is usually a back and forth affair and scholars arguing that certain events fall under the umbrella of either pragmatics or semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, whereas other argue that the fact that a statement may be interpreted in various ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations and that all interpretations are valid. This method is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has tried to combine the concepts of semantics and far-side in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by describing how a speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.

Latest revision as of 21:06, 15 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the relationship between context and language. It asks questions like What do people really mean when they use words?

It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their principles regardless of the circumstances.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak get meaning from and with each with each other. It is often viewed as a part or 프라그마틱 정품 확인법 language, but it is different from semantics since it focuses on what the user is trying to convey and not on what the actual meaning is.

As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded rapidly in the last few decades. It is primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.

There are a variety of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 that focuses on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. The lexical and concept strategies for pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These views have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.

The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range of subjects, 프라그마틱 including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics is different by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in pragmatics research. However, their rank is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely according to the quantity of their publications. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics concentrates on the users and contexts of language use rather than focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It studies the ways in which one utterance can be understood as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine if utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one however, there is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. For instance philosophers have suggested that the notion of a sentence's meaning is a part of semantics, while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.

Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and 프라그마틱 슬롯 이미지 (Https://mybookmark.stream/story.php?title=what-is-it-that-makes-pragmatic-so-popular) should be treated as part of linguistics along with the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy since it examines how our ideas about the meaning and use of languages influence our theories about how languages function.

The debate has been fuelled by a handful of questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it studies how people interpret and use the language without necessarily referring back to facts about what actually was said. This kind of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field should be considered an academic discipline because it examines how social and cultural factors influence the meaning and use of language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we perceive the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being spoken by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in greater in depth. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they help to shape the meaning of an expression.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of language. It studies the way that humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.

Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Others, 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 such as Relevance Theory, focus on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some practical approaches have been put with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.

There are also divergent views on the borderline of semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, such as Morris believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He argues semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they could or might not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.

Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield of semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said, whereas far-side is focused on the logical implications of a statement. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already influenced by semantics, while the rest is defined by the processes of inference.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same word could have different meanings in different contexts, based on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, as well expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.

A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is because different cultures have different rules for what is appropriate to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of research include computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.

How is free Pragmatics similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, with less attention paid to grammaral characteristics of the expression rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, such as semantics, syntax and philosophy of language.

In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in several different directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. There is a broad range of research that is conducted in these areas, which address issues such as the role of lexical elements as well as the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.

In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic analysis of the interface between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined, and that they are the same thing.

The debate between these two positions is usually a back and forth affair and scholars arguing that certain events fall under the umbrella of either pragmatics or semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, whereas other argue that the fact that a statement may be interpreted in various ways is pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations and that all interpretations are valid. This method is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has tried to combine the concepts of semantics and far-side in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by describing how a speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.