Difference between revisions of "The Three Greatest Moments In Free Pragmatic History"

From Team Paradox 2102
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m
m
Line 1: Line 1:
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses issues like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and sensible action. It's in contrast to idealism, [https://wikimapia.org/external_link?url=https://anotepad.com/notes/j5sfxeij 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] the belief that you must always abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that language users find meaning from and each with each other. It is typically thought of as a part of language, although it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user intends to convey, not what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively new and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic discipline within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical perspectives on pragmatics are also views on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension, request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to cultural and social phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed a variety of methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top contributors in pragmatics research. However, their ranking differs based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors in pragmatics based on their number of publications alone. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics is a pioneering concept such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language rather than with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on the methods that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely recognized, it's not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages function.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't a subject by itself because it studies how people perceive and use language without necessarily referring back to facts about what actually was said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a field in its own right because it examines the ways in which the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are issues that are addressed in greater detail in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are significant pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the meaning of a statement.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to linguistic meaning. It studies the way that humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between the speaker and 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 - [https://www.google.ps/url?q=https://mcfadden-frederiksen-3.hubstack.net/why-pragmatic-free-trial-meta-can-be-more-dangerous-than-you-thought https://www.google.Ps/url?q=https://mcfadden-frederiksen-3.hubstack.net/why-pragmatic-free-trial-meta-can-be-more-dangerous-than-you-thought] - interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also different views on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct subjects. He claims semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the content of what is said, while far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that some of the 'pragmatics' of an utterance is already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on factors like ambiguity or indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. It is because each culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and [https://sciencewiki.science/wiki/Three_Common_Reasons_Your_Pragmatic_Free_Trial_Slot_Buff_Isnt_Working_And_How_To_Fix_It 프라그마틱 정품확인], [https://blogfreely.net/ploughshare0/its-the-ugly-truth-about-pragmatic-authenticity-verification Blogfreely.net], much research is being conducted in this area. There are many different areas of research, such as pragmatics that are computational and formal as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through language in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of an utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics has evolved in a variety of directions. This includes conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which addresses topics such as lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>One of the main issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to provide a rigorous, systematic account of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not well-defined, and that they are the identical.<br><br>The debate over these positions is often a tussle, with scholars arguing that certain phenomena fall under the rubric of either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars argue that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an word can be interpreted and that all of these interpretations are valid. This method is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has tried to integrate the concepts of semantics and far-side in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is an inverse Gricean model of Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified interpretations of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.
+
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the connection between language and context. It poses questions such as: What do people really think when they use words?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you must always abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how people who speak a language interact and communicate with one with one another. It is often seen as a component of language, however it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user wants to convey, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields like psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which is focused on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a wide variety of topics, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, and [https://historydb.date/wiki/Comprehensive_List_Of_Pragmatic_Slot_Tips_Dos_And_Donts 프라그마틱 환수율] 슬롯 무료체험 ([https://telegra.ph/10-Best-Mobile-Apps-For-Pragmatic-Free-Game-12-16 simply click the up coming article]) the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank differs based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the top pragmatics authors by the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users than it is with truth, reference, or grammar. It focuses on how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear how they should be drawn. For  [https://sciencewiki.science/wiki/4_Dirty_Little_Details_About_Pragmatic_Free_Slots_Industry_Pragmatic_Free_Slots_Industry 프라그마틱 슬롯체험] 슬롯무료 ([https://fakenews.win/wiki/10_Tips_For_Pragmatic_Slot_Tips_That_Are_Unexpected https://fakenews.win/Wiki/10_Tips_For_Pragmatic_Slot_Tips_That_Are_Unexpected]) instance, some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another debate is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a part of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be considered a part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy because it examines how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories about how languages function.<br><br>There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of many of the debates. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and use language without referring to any facts about what actually gets said. This kind of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances and the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more detail. Both papers address the notions of the concept of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines the way humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of opinions on the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He argues semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects they could or might not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns the content of what is said, while far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They argue that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in various situations. In some cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being done in this field. The main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; and clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with how meaning is communicated by the language used in its context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other areas of linguistics such as semantics, syntax and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics has evolved in a variety of directions. This includes computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. There is a variety of research in these areas, which address issues such as the role of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>One of the most important issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide an exhaustive, systematic view of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and [https://wifidb.science/wiki/Do_You_Think_Pragmatic_Product_Authentication_Ever_Be_The_King_Of_The_World 프라그마틱 데모] that pragmatics and semantics are actually the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate between these two views and argue that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars say that if a statement has a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the possibility that a statement may be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is sometimes called "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer, by modeling the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of a utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so reliable compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 00:37, 12 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is a study of the connection between language and context. It poses questions such as: What do people really think when they use words?

It's a way of thinking that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you must always abide to your beliefs.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how people who speak a language interact and communicate with one with one another. It is often seen as a component of language, however it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user wants to convey, not on what the actual meaning is.

As a research area, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields like psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.

There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which is focused on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have researched.

The research in pragmatics has covered a wide variety of topics, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, and 프라그마틱 환수율 슬롯 무료체험 (simply click the up coming article) the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank differs based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to determine the top pragmatics authors by the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users than it is with truth, reference, or grammar. It focuses on how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear how they should be drawn. For 프라그마틱 슬롯체험 슬롯무료 (https://fakenews.win/Wiki/10_Tips_For_Pragmatic_Slot_Tips_That_Are_Unexpected) instance, some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.

Another debate is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a part of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be considered a part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy because it examines how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories about how languages function.

There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of many of the debates. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and use language without referring to any facts about what actually gets said. This kind of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.

The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances and the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more detail. Both papers address the notions of the concept of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that shape the meaning of an utterance.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines the way humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.

Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also a variety of opinions on the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He argues semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects they could or might not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns the content of what is said, while far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They argue that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in various situations. In some cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.

There are many different views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being done in this field. The main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; and clinical and experimental pragmatics.

How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The pragmatics discipline is concerned with how meaning is communicated by the language used in its context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other areas of linguistics such as semantics, syntax and the philosophy of language.

In recent times the field of pragmatics has evolved in a variety of directions. This includes computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. There is a variety of research in these areas, which address issues such as the role of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of meaning itself.

One of the most important issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide an exhaustive, systematic view of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and 프라그마틱 데모 that pragmatics and semantics are actually the identical.

It is not unusual for scholars to debate between these two views and argue that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars say that if a statement has a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the possibility that a statement may be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is sometimes called "far-side pragmatics".

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer, by modeling the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of a utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so reliable compared to other plausible implications.