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The Berkeley Evolution Site<br><br>The Berkeley site contains resources that can help students and teachers understand and teach evolution. The resources are organized into optional learning paths for example "What does T. rex look like?"<br><br>Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection explains how over time, animals that are more able to adapt to changing environments survive and those that are not extinct. Science is concerned with this process of biological evolution.<br><br>What is Evolution?<br><br>The word evolution has many nonscientific meanings. For instance "progress" or "descent with modification." Scientifically it is a term used to describe a change in the characteristics of living things (or species) over time. This change is based in biological terms on natural selection and drift.<br><br>Evolution is the central tenet of modern biology. It is an accepted theory that has withstood the test of time and a multitude of scientific studies. Contrary to other theories of science, such as the Copernican theory or the germ theory of disease,  [https://www.demilked.com/author/berryskiing96/ 에볼루션바카라] evolution does not address questions of spiritual belief or the existence of God.<br><br>Early evolutionists, like Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Erasmus Darwin (Charles's grandfather) believed that certain physical traits were predetermined to change, in a step-like manner, over time. They referred to this as the "Ladder of Nature" or scala naturae. Charles Lyell used the term to describe this concept in his Principles of Geology, first published in 1833.<br><br>In the early 1800s, Darwin formulated his theory of evolution and published it in his book On the Origin of Species. It states that all species of organisms share common ancestors that can be traced through fossils and other evidence. This is the current view on evolution, which is supported in many areas of science that include molecular biology.<br><br>While scientists don't know exactly how organisms developed however they are sure that the evolution of life on earth is a result of natural selection and genetic drift. People with traits that are advantageous are more likely to live and reproduce, and they pass their genes on to the next generation. As time passes this leads to gradual changes in the gene pool, which eventually result in new species and types.<br><br>Some scientists also use the term"evolution" to describe large-scale evolutionary changes such as the creation of the new species from an ancestral species. Certain scientists, including population geneticists define evolution in a broader sense by referring to the net change in allele frequency over generations. Both definitions are valid and acceptable, but some scientists argue that allele-frequency definitions miss important aspects of the evolutionary process.<br><br>Origins of Life<br><br>A key step in evolution is the appearance of life. This occurs when living systems begin to develop at the micro level, within individual cells, for instance.<br><br>The origins of life is an issue in a variety of disciplines that include biology, chemistry, and geology. The origin of life is an area of interest in science because it is a challenge to the theory of evolution. It is often referred to as "the mystery of life," or "abiogenesis."<br><br>Traditionally, the notion that life can arise from nonliving things is called spontaneous generation, or "spontaneous evolution." This was a popular belief prior to Louis Pasteur's experiments proved that it was impossible for the creation of life to be a result of an entirely natural process.<br><br>Many scientists still believe that it is possible to transition from nonliving substances to living. The conditions needed to create life are difficult to replicate in a laboratory. Researchers interested in the origins and evolution of life are also keen to understand the physical properties of the early Earth as well as other planets.<br><br>The development of life is also dependent on a series of complex chemical reactions that are not predicted by basic physical laws. These include the reading of long information-rich molecules (DNA or RNA) into proteins that perform functions, and the replication of these intricate molecules to create new DNA or RNA sequences. These chemical reactions are often compared to the chicken-and-egg problem of how life began: The development of DNA/RNA as well as proteins-based cell machinery is vital for the beginning of life, however, without the appearance of life,  [https://humanlove.stream/wiki/Watch_Out_How_Evolution_Free_Experience_Is_Taking_Over_And_What_To_Do_About_It 에볼루션사이트] the chemical process that allows it does not appear to work.<br><br>Abiogenesis research requires collaboration among scientists from different disciplines. This includes prebiotic chemists the astrobiologists,  [https://fewpal.com/post/1429285_http-emseyi-com-user-cardbranch3-http-planforexams-com-q2a-user-squidshadow4-evo.html 에볼루션바카라] the planet scientists, geologists and geophysicists.<br><br>Evolutionary Changes<br><br>The term "evolution" is commonly used today to describe the accumulated changes in genetic characteristics of a population over time. These changes may be the result of the adaptation to environmental pressures as described in Darwinism.<br><br>The latter is a mechanism that increases the frequency of those genes in a species that confer an advantage in survival over others and causes gradual changes in the overall appearance of a group. These evolutionary changes are triggered by mutations, reshuffling of genes in the process of sexual reproduction, and also by the flow of genes.<br><br>Natural selection is the process that makes beneficial mutations more frequent. All organisms undergo changes and reshuffles of their genes. As previously mentioned, those who have the advantageous trait have a higher reproductive rate than those who do not. This variation in the number of offspring produced over a long period of time can cause a gradual change in the average number advantageous traits in the group.<br><br>This can be seen in the evolution of various beak shapes on finches from the Galapagos Islands. They have developed these beaks so they can get food more easily in their new environment. These changes in the shape and form of organisms could also be a catalyst for the creation of new species.<br><br>The majority of changes are caused by one mutation, although sometimes multiple occur simultaneously. The majority of these changes are neither harmful nor even detrimental to the organism, however a small portion of them could have an advantageous impact on survival and reproduction, thus increasing their frequency in the population over time. This is the way of natural selection and it can eventually result in the cumulative changes that ultimately lead to the creation of a new species.<br><br>Many people confuse the concept of evolution with the idea that inherited characteristics can be altered through conscious choice or by use and abuse, a concept known as soft inheritance. This is a misunderstanding of the biological processes that lead to evolution. It is more precise to say that evolution is a two-step, independent process, which involves the forces of natural selection and mutation.<br><br>Origins of Humans<br><br>Modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved from primates, a group of mammals that includes chimpanzees, gorillas, and bonobos. The earliest human fossils indicate that our ancestors were bipeds. They were walkers with two legs. Genetic and biological similarities suggest that we are closely related to Chimpanzees. In actual fact, our closest relatives are chimpanzees from the Pan genus. This includes pygmy as well as bonobos. The last common ancestor between modern humans and chimpanzees was 8 to 6 million years old.<br><br>Humans have evolved a variety of characteristics over time such as bipedalism, use of fire and advanced tools. However, it is only in the last 100,000 years or so that most of the important traits that distinguish us from other species have been developed. These include a big brain that is complex, the ability of humans to construct and use tools,  에볼루션 사이트, [https://www.meetme.com/apps/redirect/?url=https://servergit.itb.edu.ec/savestudy1 linked internet page], and cultural variety.<br><br>Evolution occurs when genetic changes allow individuals in a group to better adapt to their environment. Natural selection is the process that triggers this adaptation. Certain traits are preferred over others. The ones with the best adaptations are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation. This is how all species evolve and the basis of the theory of evolution.<br><br>Scientists call it the "law of Natural Selection." The law states that species that have a common ancestor, tend to develop similar traits over time. This is because these traits allow them to survive and reproduce within their environment.<br><br>Every organism has an molecule called DNA that holds the information necessary to direct their growth. The structure of DNA is composed of base pair that are arranged in a spiral around phosphate and sugar molecules. The sequence of bases within each strand determines phenotype which is the person's distinctive appearance and behavior. Different changes and reshuffling of genetic material (known as alleles) during sexual reproduction can cause variation in a group.<br><br>Fossils from the first human species, Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis have been discovered in Africa, Asia and Europe. While there are some differences between them the fossils all support the idea that modern humans first came into existence in Africa. The genetic and fossil evidence suggests that early humans left Africa and moved to Asia and Europe.